The friction force is the force exerted by a surface when an object exerts force across it. A coefficient of friction(μ) is a scalar proportion of two objects and their normal reaction. There are 2 cases: Is the dynamic/kinetic coefficient of friction when either or both objects are dynamic. IsContinue Reading
The relationship between body, forces acting upon it, and its motion. In an inertial frame of reference is when net force is equal to zero = therefore there is no resistance to the object’s velocity. First law: In an inertial frame of reference, an object either remains at rest orContinue Reading
Pseudo code with arbitrary values of a Simple Bicycle Model given steering change. The x-axis points to the forward direction or the longitudinal direction The y-axis, which represents the lateral direction is positive when it points to the right of the driver The z-axis points to the ground satisfying theContinue Reading
Is a force(tension force to be exact) that makes a body follow a curved path with a center. The force’s direction is always to the instantaneous center of the path and orthogonal to the motion of the body. The body’s acceleration can be calculated as: a= v^2/r (where v squaredContinue Reading
Unbalanced forces create acceleration in the direction of the Net force. Fy = my” Which is the translational acceleration in the y direction Unbalanced moments create acceleration in the direction of the Net moment/torque around a given axis, where α is the angular acceleration(rad/sec*sec),I – moment of Inertia(3X3). τ =Continue Reading
When a rotor spins it produces thrust(F) and also induces moment(M)(torque) both are measured by radians/sec with omega(ω). The moment induced is in the counter direction(A.K.A yaw – which is rotation around the Z value) when ω is 2*PI the rotor is doing 1 full rotation per second. The formulasContinue Reading
Hidden states are the unknowns we try to detect or predict. The Hidden states have a relationship amongst themselves called the transition probabilities. Observations are the evidence variables that we have a priori. Observations and states have a relationship between them called the emission probabilities.Continue Reading
Linear speed is how much the object is moving forward: It is expressed by the formula : v = d / t (Linear velocity = change of distance over time) mph, km/s , ft/s etc.. Angular speed is how much the object rotates in place: It is expressed by the formulaContinue Reading